Short-Term and Long-Term Solutions for Secure Verification of Aircraft- Reported ADS-B Location in Air Traffic Networks

Automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast (ADSB) is the foundation of next-generation air traffic management systems. The precision granted by ADS-B will allow for the network to support the huge growth in air traffic in the coming decades and assist both air traffic controllers and pilots in improving safety in flight. However, the ADS-B protocol has serious security vulnerabilities. Coupled with the importance of ADS-B in the air transportation system, these security issues make ADS-B an appealing target for attack by adversaries. This paper dismisses the need for encryption and focuses security strategies on location verification. Multilateration is combined with data fusion and location tracking for effective and undemanding short-term and long-term location verification. By taking input from air traffic controllers, a secondary location tracking systems allows for a backup record of controlled aircraft that can easily be referred to in emergencies

Accurate determination of dielectric properties in small, high-permittivity dielectric cylinders

We describe a method for performing cryogenic permittivity and loss tangent measurements of small (few mm), high-permittivity dielectric cylinders used in surface impedance measurement of superconductors. We combine the use of sapphire and PTFE supports to hold the dielectric under test and provide good thermal conductivity to the cold head. Additionally, the sapphire support is used to facilitate the measurement of the cavity's metal loss and the assessment of its contribution to the overall resonator loss.Authors wish to acknowledge the support provided by CERN under Grants FCC-GOV-CC-0072/KE3358 and FCC-GOV-CC-0210/KE4945. NT acknowledges MSCA-COFUND-2016-754397 for the PhD grant.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Potential impedance reduction by REBCO coated conductors as beam screen coating for the future circular hadron collider

The Future Circular Collider study creates a conceptual design for a post-LHC particle accelerator using 16T superconducting dipoles to achieve collision energies of up to 100TeV in a 90km circumference ring. A copper-coated beam screen, similar to that used in the LHC, is planned. However, the undertaken research indicates that copper at the high working temperature of 50K has a strong influence on the accelerator's performance, particularly at injection energy. In this work, we relate the experimentally determined properties of REBCO-coated conductors with their potential performance in the FCC-hh beam screen. Specifically, we use a round pipe approximation to demonstrate that a beam screen coated with a combination of REBCO and copper can have a much lower resistive wall impedance than one using only copper. The reduction is substantial (several orders of magnitude), and is observed in both the longitudinal and transverse wall impedance. Such a reduction has important effects on beam stability, operating costs, potential reduction in beam screen size, and lowering the stringent specifications of the 16T magnets required for the Future Circular Hadron Collider.The authors acknowledge the support and samples provided by Bruker HTS GmbH, Fujikura Ltd, SuNAM CO Ltd SuperOx, SuperPower Inc. and Theva Dünnschichttechnik GmbH. UPC funding was also provided through the Unit of Excellence María de Maeztu MDM2016-0600. N. Tagdulang acknowledges MSCA-COFUND-2016-754397 fot hte PhD Grant.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Determination of pumping and dynamic vacuum properties of conductive quaternary alloy of TiZrVAg non-evaporable getter

Non Evaporable Getter (NEG) coating has been employed extensively in the particle accelerator especial-ly where the vacuum conductance of the vessel is se-verely restricted and ultra-high vacuum condition is required. NEG coating will significantly reduce the outgassing rate and provides active pumping surface for H2, CO and CO2. In addition, it has been proven that NEG coated surfaces have a very low secondary electron yield, as well as low photon and electron stimulated desorption yields. However, the existing NEG film increases the RF surface resistance of the beam pipe. In order to increase NEG coating conductivity, at ASTeC, in the past several years, the alternative NEG composition have been studied by adding more con-ductive element such as Cu, Au, Al and Ag. In this study, we report on the photon stimulated desorption, activation temperature and surface resistance from room temperature to cryogenic temperature for a new NEG quaternary alloy of TiVZrAg as function of the film composition.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

RF characterisation of new coatings for future circular collider beam screens

For the future high energy colliders being under the design at this moment, the choice of a low surface impedance beam screen coating material has become of fundamental importance to ensure sufficiently low beam impedance and consequently guaranteed stable operation at high currents. We have studied the use of high-temperature superconducting coated conductors as possible coating materials for the beam screen of the FCC-hh. In addition, amorphous carbon coating and laser-based surface treatment techniques are effective surface treatments to lower the secondary electron yield and minimise the electron cloud build-up. We have developed and adapted different experimental setups based on resonating structures at frequencies below 10 GHz to study the response of these coatings and their modified surfaces under the influence of RF fields and DC magnetic fields up to 9¿T. Taking the FCC-hh as a reference, we will show that the surface resistance for REBCO-CCs is much lower than that of Cu. Further we show that the additional surface modifications can be optimised to minimise their impact on the surface impedance. Results from selected coatings will be presented.Work supported by CERN under Grants FCC-GOV-CC-0210 (KE4945/ATS), FCC-GOV-CC-0209 (KE4946/ATS) and FCC-GOV-CC0208 (KE4947/ATS). ICMAB funding through RTI2018-095853-B-C21 SuMaTe from MICINN and co-financing by the European Regional Development Fund, 2017-SGR 1519 from Generalitat de Catalunya, and COST Action NANOCO-HYBRI (CA16218) from EU, the Center of Excellence award Severo Ochoa CEX2019-000917-S. UPC funding through the Unit of Excellence Maria de Maetzu MDM2016-0600. N. Tagdulang and A. Romanov acknowledge MSCA-COFUND-2016-754397 for the PhD grant.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Methods for epidemiological studies in competitive cycling:an extension of the IOC consensus statement on methods for recording and reporting of epidemiological data on injury and illness in sport 2020

In 2020, the IOC released a consensus statement that provides overall guidelines for the recording and reporting of epidemiological data on injury and illness in sport. Some aspects of this statement need to be further specified on a sport-by-sport basis. To extend the IOC consensus statement on methods for recording and reporting of epidemiological data on injury and illness in sports and to meet the sport-specific requirements of all cycling disciplines regulated by the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI). A panel of 20 experts, all with experience in cycling or cycling medicine, participated in the drafting of this cycling-specific extension of the IOC consensus statement. In preparation, panel members were sent the IOC consensus statement, the first draft of this manuscript and a list of topics to be discussed. The expert panel met in July 2020 for a 1-day video conference to discuss the manuscript and specific topics. The final manuscript was developed in an iterative process involving all panel members. This paper extends the IOC consensus statement to provide cycling-specific recommendations on health problem definitions, mode of onset, injury mechanisms and circumstances, diagnosis classifications, exposure, study population characteristics and data collection methods. Recommendations apply to all UCI cycling disciplines, for both able-bodied cyclists and para-cyclists. The recommendations presented in this consensus statement will improve the consistency and accuracy of future epidemiological studies of injury and illness in cycling

Evaluation of the nonlinear surface resistance of REBCO coated conductors for their use in the FCC-hh beam screen

To assess the feasibility of using high-temperature superconductors for the beam screens of future circular colliders, we have undertaken a study of the power dependence of the microwave surface resistance in state-of-the-art REBCO coated conductors at about 8 GHz and 50 K. We have employed a dielectric resonator to produce radio-frequency (RF) electromagnetic fields on the surface of the coated conductors having amplitudes similar to those generated by proton bunches circulating in the vacuum chamber of the proposed future circular collider Hadron-Hadron (FCC-hh) at CERN We show that surface resistances in REBCO coated conductors without artificial pinning centers are more affected by a RF magnetic field than those containing nano-inclusions. Despite that, at 8 GHz, 50 K, and 9 T, most REBCO coated conductors studied outperform copper in terms of surface resistance, with the best sample having a 2.3 mΩ surface resistance while being subject to an RF field 2.5 times stronger than that in the FCC-hh. We also extrapolate the measured data to 16 T and 1 GHz, the actual FCC-hh dipole magnetic field, and the mid-beam frequency spectrum, demonstrating the possibility of lowering the surface resistance of the vacuum chamber by up to two orders of magnitude compared to copper. Further, we discuss the correlation between the time structure of the electromagnetic fields provided by vector network analyzers compared to the proton bunches' time structure in the collider and present the effect of low alternating magnetic fields on vortex displacement and the possibility of demagnetization of superconducting samples.The authors acknowledge the support and samples provided by Bruker HTS GmbH, Fujikura Ltd, SuNAM CO Ltd SuperOx, SuperPower Inc. and Theva Dünnschichttechnik GmbH. This work was supported by CERN under Grant Nos. FCC-GOV-CC-0072/KE3358, FCC-GOV-CC-0153/KE4106 and FCC-GOV-CC-0208/KE4947/ATS. UPC funding was also provided through the Unit of Excellence María de Maeztu MDM2016-0600. N Tagdulang and A Romanov acknowledge MSCA-COFUND-2016-754397 for the PhD Grant. ICMAB authors acknowledge RTI2018-095853-B-C21 SuMaTe from MICINN and co-financing by the European Regional Development Fund; 2017-SGR 1519 from Generalitat de Catalunya and COST Action NANOCO-HYBRI (CA16218) from EU, the Center of Excellence award Severo Ochoa CEX2019-000917-S.With funding from the Spanish government through the ‘Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence’ accreditation (CEX2019-000917-S).Peer reviewe

Los bosques estacionalmente secos del Perú: Un re-análisis de sus patrones de diversidad y relaciones florísticas

Seasonally dry forests in Peru are a combination of ecosystems that include three large floristic groups: coastal, inter-Andean and eastern forests. Except for the seasonally dry forests of the northern coastal plains of the country, until recently it was difficult to explore what occurred floristically within each group due to lack of data. However, in the last 20 years various floristic studies and botanical inventories focused on woody plants have managed to fill knowledge gaps in critical areas. With these studies we have generated the DRYFLOR Peru database that to date includes 526 quantitative inventories (lists of species in discrete areas, including records of their abundances) and that allows us to confirm the floristic distinction of the three large groups. Additionally, we were able to clearly recognize two subgroups of seasonally dry coastal forests (on coastal plains and along the Andean piedmont), two inter-Andean subgroups (within the Marañón-Mantaro and Pampas valleys) and three eastern subgroups (within the Huallaga, Tambo and Urubamba valleys). All subgroups have an assemblage of woody plant species that distinguishes and characterizes them in terms of abundance, frequency, species richness, and levels of endemism. Although we can now better describe the floristic heterogeneity of seasonally dry forests in Peru, we have identified important knowledge gaps that require urgent attention: i) we require additional inventory efforts in the eastern forests, ii) we need to resolve the floristic affinities of the forests of the Apurímac valley, iii) our data agree in little more than 75% with the definitions and distribution of dry forests of the recent National Ecosystem Map of Peru, and it will be necessary to review the concept of seasonally dry forests to adequately capture its distribution in this management tool.Los bosques estacionalmente secos en el Perú constituyen un conjunto de ecosistemas que incluye tres grandes grupos florísticos: bosques costeros, interandinos y orientales. Con la excepción de los bosques estacionalmente secos de las llanuras costeras del norte del país, hasta hace poco la ausencia de datos hacía difícil describir adecuadamente estos grupos en base a su florística. En los últimos 20 años, en estos bosques se han generado diversos estudios florísticos e inventarios botánicos enfocados en plantas leñosas, que han llenado vacíos de conocimiento en áreas críticas. Con estos estudios hemos generado la base de datos DRYFLOR Perú que a la fecha incluye 526 inventarios cuantitativos (listas de especies en áreas discretas incluyendo registros de sus abundancias) y que nos permiten confirmar la distinción florística de los tres grandes grupos. Adicionalmente logramos reconocer claramente dos subgrupos de bosques estacionalmente secos costeros (de llanura y de montaña), dos subgrupos interandinos (valles del Marañón-Mantaro y del Pampas) y tres subgrupos orientales (valles del Huallaga, Tambo y Urubamba). Todos los subgrupos tienen un ensamblaje de especies de plantas leñosas que los distingue y caracteriza en términos de abundancia, frecuencia, riqueza de especies y niveles de endemismo. Si bien ahora podemos describir mejor la heterogeneidad florística de los bosques estacionalmente secos en el Perú, hemos identificado vacíos de conocimiento importantes que requieren de atención prioritaria: i) requerimos de esfuerzos de inventario adicionales en los bosques orientales, ii) necesitamos resolver las afinidades florísticas de los bosques del valle del Apurímac, iii) nuestros datos coinciden en poco más del 75% con las definiciones y distribución de bosques secos del reciente Mapa Nacional de Ecosistemas del Perú, y será necesario revisar el concepto de bosque estacionalmente seco para lograr capturar adecuadamente su distribución en este instrumento de gestión

First-in-human study of JNJ-63709178, a CD123/CD3 targeting antibody, in relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia

This study aimed to identify a recommended phase II dose and evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics, and preliminary clinical activity of JNJ-63709178, a CD123/CD3 dual-targeting antibody, in patients with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia. Intravenous (i.v.) and subcutaneous (s.c.) administration of JNJ-63709178 were evaluated. The i.v. infusions were administered once every 2 weeks (cohorts 1-5 [n = 17]) or twice weekly (cohorts 6-11 [n = 36]). A twice-weekly s.c. dosing regimen with step-up dosing was also studied (s.c. cohorts 1-2 [n = 9]). Treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) greater than or equal to grade 3 were observed in 11 (65%) patients in cohorts 1-5 and 33 (92%) patients in cohorts 6-11. At the highest i.v. dose (4.8 μg/kg), 5 (71%) patients discontinued treatment due to TEAEs. For s.c. administration (n = 9), eight (89%) patients experienced TEAEs greater than or equal to grade 3 and injection site reactions (≤ grade 3) emerged in all patients. At 4.8 μg/kg (i.v. and s.c.), the mean maximum serum concentrations were 30.3 and 3.59 ng/ml, respectively. Increases in multiple cytokines were observed following i.v. and s.c. administrations, and step-up dosing strategies did not mitigate cytokine production or improve the safety profile and led to limited duration of treatment. Minimal clinical activity was observed across all cohorts. The i.v. and s.c. dosing of JNJ-63709178 was associated with suboptimal drug exposure, unfavorable safety profiles, limited clinical activity, and inability to identify a recommended phase II dose.This work was supported by Janssen Research and Development, LLC.Peer reviewe